Synthesis and electrocatalytic mechanism of ultrafine MFe 2O 4 (M: Co, Ni, and Zn) nanocrystallites: M/Fe synergistic effects on the electrochemical detection of Cu( II) and hydrogen evolution reaction performancesĬ. These results not only provide a facile strategy to adjust the electronic microstructures of uniform MFO materials but also pose an in-depth insight into the detection mechanism for Cu( II) and HER performances. Besides, NiFe 2O 4 also exhibits electrocatalytic activity for HER activities with an overpotential of 93 mV and a Tafel slope of 55.4 mV dec −1. The adsorption–desorption mechanism of MFe 2O 4 with the synergistic effect between M/Fe and Fe( II)/Fe( III) cycles, is first proposed via DFT calculations and demonstrated that M cation regulation is an effective strategy to enhance electrochemical detection performance. When MFe 2O 4 is evaluated as modified electrodes for electrochemical sensors for Cu( II), NiFe 2O 4 shows a high sensitivity of 18.30 μA μM −1 and a low detection limit of 1.14 nM in the range of 0.01–10 μM, superior to CoFe 2O 4 and ZnFe 2O 4, and successfully applied in real water environment. The M/Fe synergistic effect on the electrochemical detection of Cu( II) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities are systematically investigated by experimental characterizations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Herein, we synthesized ultrafine MFe 2O 4 (M: Co, Ni, Zn) nanocrystallites with different M/Fe compositions via the one-pot hydrothermal method. Binary spinel oxides with synergistic effects between metal ions in electronic microstructures have attracted significant attention due to their vital importance in both fundamental studies and potential applications.
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